PostHeaderIcon AVR Crack evolution in silicon chips

In the beginning there were almost no protection against avr crack of such devices except law and economics. For example, ROMs were made with low-cost mask technology and MCU Clone would involve either replacing them with EPROMs which are usually 3–10 times more expensive, or ordering Mask ROMs which would take time and require large capital investments. Another approach was used in game consoles where simple ASICs (Application-Specific Integrated Circuits) were widely used. Such ASICs were mainly carrying out I/O functions to replace tens of simple logic components, thus reducing the cost of the board and at the same time protecting against competitors who had to use larger and more expensive solutions. In fact these ASICs did not carry much security and their functionality could be understood in a few hours with a simple analysis of the signals using an oscilloscope or doing an exhaustive search over all possible combinations on their pins.

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