Break IC, Recover MCU, Microcontroller Reverse Engineering

Archive for April, 2014

 

Break Microcontroller PIC18F8722 Flash memory tamper resistance system off, and then extract IC PIC18F8722 code from flash memory, the content can be reprogrammed to new unit for Microcontroller PIC18F8722 cloning;

Power-Managed Modes:

Peripheral Highlights (Continued):

 

Run: CPU on, peripherals on

Idle: CPU off, peripherals on

Sleep: CPU off, peripherals off

Idle mode currents down to 15 µA typical

Sleep current down to 0.2 µA typical

Timer1 Oscillator: 1.8 µA, 32 kHz, 2V

Watchdog Timer: 2.1 µA

Two-Speed Oscillator Start-up

 

· Three Enhanced Capture/Compare/PWM (ECCP) modules

– One, two or four PWM outputs

– Selectable polarity

– Programmable dead-time

– Auto-Shutdown and Auto-Restart

· Two Master Synchronous Serial Port (MSSP) modules supporting 2/3/4-wire SPI™ (all 4 modes) and I2C™ Master and Slave modes

 

Flexible Oscillator Structure:

· Four Crystal modes, up to 25 MHz

· 4X Phase Lock Loop (PLL) (available for crystal and internal oscillators)

· Two External RC modes, up to 4 MHz

· Two External Clock modes, up to 40 MHz

· Internal oscillator block:

– 8 user selectable frequencies, from 31 kHz to 8 MHz

– Provides a complete range of clock speeds from 31 kHz to 32 MHz when used with PLL

– User tunable to compensate for frequency drift

· Secondary oscillator using Timer1 @ 32 kHz

· Fail-Safe Clock Monitor:

– Allows for safe shutdown if peripheral clock stops External Memory Interface (PIC18F8627/8722 only):

· Address capability of up to 2 Mbytes

· 8-bit or 16-bit interface

Peripheral Highlights:

· Two Enhanced Addressable USART modules

– Supports RS-485, RS-232 and LIN 1.2

– RS-232 operation using internal oscillator block (no external crystal required)

– Auto-wake-up on Start bit

– Auto-baud detect

· 10-bit, up to 16-channel Analog-to-Digital Converter module (A/D)

– Auto-acquisition capability

– Conversion available during Sleep

· Dual analog comparators with input multiplexing

Special Microcontroller Features:

· C compiler optimized architecture:

– Optional extended instruction set designed to optimize re-entrant code

· 100,000 erase/write cycle Enhanced Flash program memory typical

· 1,000,000 erase/write cycle Data EEPROM memory typical

· Flash/Data EEPROM Retention: 100 years typical

· Self-programmable under software control

 

High current sink/source 25 mA/25 mA

Four programmable external interrupts

Four input change interrupts

Two Capture/Compare/PWM (CCP) modules

 

· Priority levels for interrupts

· 8 X 8 Single Cycle Hardware Multiplier

· Extended Watchdog Timer (WDT):

– Programmable period from 4 ms to 131s

· Single-supply In-Circuit Serial Programming™ (ICSP™) via two pins

· In-Circuit Debug (ICD) via two pins

· Wide operating voltage range: 2.0V to 5.5V

Attack IC C8051F530 protective system and remove its security fuse bit, extract firmware out from MCU C8051F530 flash memory, copy heximal to blank Microcontroller C8051F530 which will provide the same functions;

Analog Peripherals

– 12-Bit ADC

·   ±1 LSB INL (C8051F52x/C8051F53x); no missing codes

·   Programmable throughput up to 200 ksps

·   Up to 6/16 external inputs

·   Data dependent windowed interrupt generator

·   Built-in temperature sensor

– Comparator

·   Programmable hysteresis and response time

·   Configurable as wake-up or reset source

·   Low current

– POR/Brownout Detector

– Voltage Reference—1.5 to 2.2 V (programmable)

On-Chip Debug

– On-chip debug circuitry facilitates full-speed, non-intrusive in-system debug (No emulator required)

– Provides breakpoints, single stepping

– Inspect/modify memory and registers

– Complete development kit

Supply Voltage 2.7 to 5.25 V

– Built-in LDO regulator

High Speed 8051 µC Core

– Pipelined instruction architecture; executes 70% of instructions in 1 or 2 system clocks

– Up to 25 MIPS throughput with 25 MHz system clock

 

Memory

– 8/4/2 kB Flash; In-system byte programmable in 512 byte sectors

– 256 bytes internal data RAM

Digital Peripherals

– 16/6 port I/O; push-pull or open-drain, 5 V tolerant

– Hardware SPI™, and UART serial port

– Hardware LIN (both master and slave, compatible with V1.3 and V2.0)

– Three general purpose 16-bit counter/timers

– Programmable 16-bit counter/timer array with three capture/compare modules, WDT

Clock Sources

– Internal oscillators: 24.5 MHz ±0.5% accuracy supports UART and LIN-Master operation

– External oscillator: Crystal, RC, C, or Clock (1 or 2 pin modes)

– Can switch between clock sources on-the-fly

Packages:

– 10-Pin QFN (3 x 3 mm)

– 20-pin QFN (4 x 4 mm)

– 20-pin TSSOP

Temperature Range: –40 to +125 °C

 

Break Chip PIC16F917 tamper resistance system and readout MCU PIC16F917 heximal from flash memory and eeprom memory, the program and data will be exactly the same as master original PIC16F917 microprocessor;

High-Performance RISC CPU:

· Only 35 instructions to learn:

– All single-cycle instructions except branches

· Operating speed:

– DC – 20 MHz oscillator/clock input

– DC – 200 ns instruction cycle

· Program Memory Read (PMR) capability

· Interrupt capability

· 8-level deep hardware stack

· Direct, Indirect and Relative Addressing modes

Special Microcontroller Features:

· Precision Internal Oscillator:

– Factory calibrated to ±1%

– Software selectable frequency range of 8 MHz to 32 kHz

– Software tunable

– Two-Speed Start-up mode

– Crystal fail detect for critical applications

– Clock mode switching during operation for power savings

· Power-saving Sleep mode

· Wide operating voltage range (2.0V-5.5V)

· Industrial and Extended temperature range

· Power-on Reset (POR)

· Power-up Timer (PWRT) and Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)

· Brown-out Reset (BOR) with software control option

· Enhanced Low-Current Watchdog Timer (WDT) with on-chip oscillator (software selectable nominal 268 seconds with full prescaler) with software enable

· Multiplexed Master Clear with pull-up/input pin

· Programmable code protection

· High-Endurance Flash/EEPROM cell:

– 100,000 write Flash endurance

– 1,000,000 write EEPROM endurance

– Flash/Data EEPROM retention: > 40 years

 

Low-Power Features:

· Standby Current:

– <100 nA @ 2.0V, typical

· Operating Current:

– 8.5 ìA @ 32 kHz, 2.0V, typical

– 100 ìA @ 1 MHz, 2.0V, typical

· Watchdog Timer Current:

– 1 ìA @ 2.0V, typical

Peripheral Features:

· Liquid Crystal Display module:

– Up to 60 pixel drive capability on 28-pin devices

– Up to 96 pixel drive capability on 40-pin devices

– Four commons

· Up to 35 I/O pins and 1 input-only pin:

– High-current source/sink for direct LED drive

– Interrupt-on-pin change

– Individually programmable weak pull-ups

· In-Circuit Serial Programming™ (ICSP™) via two pins

· Analog comparator module with:

– Two analog comparators

– Programmable on-chip voltage reference (CVREF) module (% of VDD)

– Comparator inputs and outputs externally accessible

· A/D Converter:

– 10-bit resolution and up to 8 channels

· Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit programmable prescaler

· Enhanced Timer1:

– 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler

– External Gate Input mode

– Option to use OSC1 and OSC2 as Timer1 oscillator if INTOSCIO or LP mode is selected

· Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period register, prescaler and postscaler

· Addressable Universal Synchronous

Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (AUSART)

· Up to 2 Capture, Compare, PWM modules:

– 16-bit Capture, max. resolution 12.5 ns

– 16-bit Compare, max. resolution 200 ns

– 10-bit PWM, max. frequency 20 kHz

· Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with I2C™

Copy Chip PIC16F870 Program and data out from microcontroller PIC16F870 flash memory and eeprom memory, reset the status of MCU PIC16F870 from locked to unlocked one after disable its security fuse bit by MCU crack technique;

Microcontroller Core Features:

· High performance RISC CPU

· Only 35 single word instructions to learn

· All single cycle instructions except for program branches which are two-cycle

· Operating speed: DC – 20 MHz clock input DC – 200 ns instruction cycle

· 2K x 14 words of FLASH Program Memory

128 x 8 bytes of Data Memory (RAM) 64 x 8 bytes of EEPROM Data Memory

· Pinout compatible to the PIC16CXXX 28 and 40-pin devices

· Interrupt capability (up to 11 sources)

· Eight level deep hardware stack

 

· Direct, Indirect and Relative Addressing modes;

· Power-on Reset (POR)

· Power-up Timer (PWRT) and

 

Oscillator Start-up Timer (OST)

· Watchdog Timer (WDT) with its own on-chip RC oscillator for reliable operation when MCU STM32F107RCT6 code recovery

· Programmable code protection

· Power saving SLEEP mode

· Selectable oscillator options

· Low power, high speed CMOS FLASH/EEPROM technology

· Fully static design

· In-Circuit Serial Programmingä (ICSPä) via two pins

· Single 5V In-Circuit Serial Programming capability

· In-Circuit Debugging via two pins

· Processor read/write access to program memory

· Wide operating voltage range: 2.0V to 5.5V

· High Sink/Source Current: 25 mA

· Commercial and Industrial temperature ranges

· Low power consumption:

– < 1.6 mA typical @ 5V, 4 MHz

– 20 mA typical @ 3V, 32 kHz

– < 1 mA typical standby current

 

Peripheral Features:

· Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit prescaler

· Timer1: 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler, can be incremented during SLEEP via external crystal/clock

· Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period register, prescaler and postscaler

· One Capture, Compare, PWM module

– Capture is 16-bit, max. resolution is 12.5 ns

– Compare is 16-bit, max. resolution is 200 ns

– PWM max. resolution is 10-bit

· 10-bit multi-channel Analog-to-Digital converter only

· Universal Synchronous Asynchronous Receiver

Transmitter (USART/SCI) with 9-bit address detection

· Parallel Slave Port (PSP) 8-bits wide, with external RD, WR and CS controls (40/44-pin only)

· Brown-out detection circuitry for Brown-out Reset (BOR)

Copy IC PIC16F84A Binary out from microcontroller PIC16F84A flash memory, and reprogramme the firmware into blank MCU PIC16F84A which will provide the same functions as original version, the status of master original MICROPROCESSOR PIC16F84A can be unlocked;

The PIC16F8X is a group in the PIC16CXX family of low-cost, high-performance, CMOS, fully-static, 8-bit microcontrollers. This group contains the following devices:

· PIC16F83

· PIC16F84

Table 1-1 lists the features of the PIC16F8X. A simplified block diagram of the PIC16F8X is shown in Figure 3-1.

The PIC16F8X fits perfectly in applications ranging from high speed automotive and appliance motor control to low-power remote sensors, electronic locks, security devices and smart cards. The Flash/EEPROM technology makes customization of application after Copy microcontroller programs (transmitter codes, motor speeds, receiver frequencies, security codes, etc.) extremely fast and All PICmicro™ microcontrollers employ an advanced RISC architecture. PIC16F8X devices have enhanced core features, eight-level deep stack, and multiple internal and external interrupt sources.

The separate instruction and data buses of the Harvard architecture allow a 14-bit wide instruction word with a separate 8-bit wide data bus. The two stage instruction pipeline allows all instructions to execute in a single cycle, except for program branches (which require two cycles). A total of 35 instructions (reduced instruction set) are available. Additionally, a large register set is used to achieve a very high performance level.

PIC16F8X microcontrollers typically achieve a 2:1 code compression and up to a 4:1 speed improvement (at 20 MHz) over other 8-bit microcontrollers in their class. The small footprint packages make this microcontroller series perfect for all applications with space limitations.  Low-cost, low-power,  high performance, ease-of-use and I/O flexibility of making the PIC16F8X very versatile even in areas where no microcontroller use has been considered (e.g., timer functions; serial communication; capture, compare and PWM functions; and co-processor applications).

The serial in-system programming feature (via two pins) offers flexibility of customizing the product after complete assembly and testing. This feature can be used to serialize a product, store calibration data, or program the device with the current firmware before shipping after IC program can be restored.

 

The PIC16F8X has up to 68 bytes of RAM, 64 bytes of Data EEPROM memory, and 13 I/O pins. A timer/ Family and Upward Compatibility counter is also available.

The PIC16CXX family has special features to reduce external components, thus reducing cost, enhancing system reliability and reducing power consumption.

There are four oscillator options, of which the single pin RC oscillator provides a low-cost solution, the LP Those users familiar with the PIC16C5X family of microcontrollers will realize that this is an enhanced version of the PIC16C5X architecture. Please refer to Appendix A for a detailed list of enhancements. Code written for PIC16C5X devices can be easily ported to PIC16F8X devices (Appendix B). oscillator minimizes power consumption, XT is a standard crystal, and the HS is for High Speed crystals.

 

Development Support

 

The SLEEP (power-down) mode offers power saving.

The user can wake the chip from sleep through several external and internal interrupts and resets.

A highly reliable Watchdog Timer with its own on-chip RC oscillator provides protection against software lock-up.

The devices with Flash program memory allow the same device package to be used for prototyping and production. In-circuit reprogrammability allows the code to be updated without the device being removed from the end application.

This is useful in the development of many applications where the device may not be easily accessible, but the prototypes may require code updates. This is also useful for remote applications where the code may need to be updated (such as rate information)

The PIC16CXX family is supported by a full-featured macro assembler, a software simulator, an in-circuit emulator, a low-cost development programmer and a full-featured programmer. A “C” compiler and fuzzy logic support tools are also available.

Break MCU MC9S12XDG128 and extract Heximal from Microcontroller MC9S12XDG128 flash memory, the security fuse bit of microprocessor MC9S12XDG128 can be disable and turn the status from locked to unlocked one;

The MC9S12XD family will retain the low cost, power consumption, EMC and code-size efficiency advantages currently enjoyed by users of Freescale’s existing 16-Bit MC9S12 MCU Family.

Based around an enhanced S12 core, the MC9S12XD family will deliver 2 to 5 times the performance of a 25-MHz S12 whilst retaining a high degree of pin and code compatibility with the S12.

The MC9S12XD family introduces the performance boosting XGATE module. Using enhanced DMA functionality, this parallel processing module offloads the CPU by providing high-speed data processing and transfer between peripheral modules, RAM, Flash EEPROM and I/O ports. Providing up to 80 MIPS of performance additional to the CPU, the XGATE can access all peripherals, Flash EEPROM and the RAM block after Break Microcontroller samsung s3f9454 software.

The MC9S12XD family is composed of standard on-chip peripherals including up to 512 Kbytes of Flash EEPROM, 32 Kbytes of RAM, 4 Kbytes of EEPROM, six asynchronous serial communications interfaces (SCI), three serial peripheral interfaces (SPI), an 8-channel IC/OC enhanced capture timer, an 8-channel, 10-bit analog-to-digital converter, a 16-channel, 10-bit analog-to-digital converter, an 8-channel pulse-width modulator (PWM), five CAN 2.0 A, B software compatible modules (MSCAN12), two inter-IC bus blocks, and a periodic interrupt timer. The MC9S12XD family has full 16-bit data paths throughout.

The non-multiplexed expanded bus interface available on the 144-pin versions allows an easy interface to external memories The inclusion of a PLL circuit allows power consumption and performance to be adjusted to suit operational requirements. System power consumption can be further improved with the new “fast exit from stop mode” feature before Microchip PIC32MX440F512H Binary reading.

In addition to the I/O ports available in each module, up to 25 further I/O ports are available with interrupt capability allowing wake-up from stop or wait mode. Family members in 144-pin LQFP will be available with external bus interface and parts in 112-pin LQFP or 80-pin QFP package without external bus interface. See Appendix E Derivative Differences for package options.

Break IC S3F9454B protective system and readout firmware from samsung Microcontroller S3F9454B, the format of firmware will be heximal which can be reprogramme to blank MCU S3F9454B flash memory;

OVERVIEW

The SAM88RCRI instruction set is designed to support the large register file. It includes a full complement of 8-bit arithmetic and logic operations. There are 41 instructions. No special I/O instructions are necessary because I/O control and data registers are mapped directly into the register file. Flexible instructions for bit addressing, rotate, and shift operations complete the powerful data manipulation capabilities of the SAM88RCRI instruction set after MCU STM32F107RCT6 code recovery.

 

REGISTER ADDRESSING

To access an individual register, an 8-bit address in the range 0-255 or the 4-bit address of a working register is specified. Paired registers can be used to construct 13-bit program memory or data memory addresses. For detailed information about register addressing, please refer to Chapter 2, “Address Spaces”.

ADDRESSING MODES

There are six addressing modes: Register (R), Indirect Register (IR), Indexed (X), Direct (DA), Relative (RA), and Immediate (IM). For detailed descriptions of these addressing modes, please refer to Chapter 3, “Addressing Modes” when microcontroller PIC16F684 firmware copying.

Circuit Engineering Company Limited continues to be recognized as the Southern China Leader in Services for IC Break, MCU attack, Chip Recover, Microcontroller Copy service. With the advancement of today’s modern circuit board technology, it is more important than ever to have specialists available to help you at a moment’s notice. Our engineering and commercial teams collectively have a vast amount of electronic experience covering field include Consumer Electronics, Industrial Automation Electronics, Wireless Communication Electronics., etc. For more information please contact us through email.

Recover Microcontroller MC68HC908JB16 Firmware from flash memory include the program and data, the heximal file can be copied to new MCU MC68HC908JB16;

Features of the Microcontroller MC68HC908JB16 include the following:

High-performance M68HC08 architecture

Fully upward-compatible object code with M6805, M146805, and

M68HC05 families

Low-power design; fully static with stop and wait modes

6-MHz internal bus frequency

16,384 bytes of on-chip FLASH memory with security1 feature

384 bytes of on-chip random access memory (RAM)

Up to 21 general-purpose input/output (I/O) pins, including:

– 15 shared-function I/O pins

– 8-bit keyboard interrupt port

– 10mA high current drive for PS/2 connection on 2 pins (with USB module disabled)

– 1 dedicated I/O pin, with 25mA direct drive for infrared LED (32-pin package) if recover Microcontroller STM32F107RCT6 code

– 6 dedicated I/O pins, with 25mA direct drive for infrared LED on 2 pins and 10mA direct drive for normal LED on 4 pins (28-pin package)

Two 16-bit, 2-channel timer interface modules (TIM1 and TIM2) with selectable input capture, output compare, PWM capability on each channel, and external clock input option (TCLK)

Universal Serial Bus specification 2.0 low-speed functions:

 

– 1.5Mbps data rate

– On-chip 3.3V regulator

– Endpoint 0 with 8-byte transmit buffer and 8-byte receive buffer

– Endpoint 1 with 8-byte transmit buffer

– Endpoint 2 with 8-byte transmit buffer and 8-byte receive buffer

Serial communications interface module (SCI)

Dual clock generator modules (CGM) (32-pin package)

In-circuit programming capability using USB communication or standard serial link on PTA0 pin

System protection features:

– Optional computer operating properly (COP) reset

– Optional Low-voltage detection with reset

– Illegal opcode detection with reset

– Illegal address detection with reset

Master reset pin with internal pull-up and power-on reset

IRQ interrupt pin with internal pull-up and schmitt-trigger input

32-pin low-profile quad flat pack (LQFP) and 28-pin small outline

integrated circuit package (SOIC)

Features of the CPU08 include the following:

Enhanced HC05 programming model

Extensive loop control functions

16 addressing modes (eight more than the HC05)

16-bit index register and stack pointer

Memory-to-memory data transfers

Fast 8 × 8 multiply instruction

Fast 16/8 divide instruction

Binary-coded decimal (BCD) instructions

Optimization for controller applications

Third party C language support

Recover Chip PIC16F913 Binary is a process of dumping heximal from MCU’s PIC16F913 flash memory, the status of Microcontroller PIC16F913 can be changed from locked to open by MCU Cracking technique;

High-Performance RISC CPU:

· Only 35 instructions to learn:

– All single-cycle instructions except branches

· Operating speed:

– DC – 20 MHz oscillator/clock input

– DC – 200 ns instruction cycle

· Program Memory Read (PMR) capability

· Interrupt capability

· 8-level deep hardware stack

· Direct, Indirect and Relative Addressing modes

Special Microcontroller Features:

· Precision Internal Oscillator:

– Factory calibrated to ±1%, typical

– Software selectable frequency range of

8 MHz to 125 kHz

– Software tunable

– Two-Speed Start-up mode

– External Oscillator fail detect for critical applications

– Clock mode switching during operation for power savings

· Software selectable 31 kHz internal oscillator

· Power-Saving Sleep mode

· Wide operating voltage range (2.0V-5.5V)

· Industrial and Extended temperature range

· Power-on Reset (POR)

· Power-up Timer (PWRT) and Oscillator Start-up

Timer (OST)

· Brown-out Reset (BOR) with software control option

· Enhanced Low-Current Watchdog Timer (WDT) with on-chip oscillator (software selectable nominal 268 seconds with full prescaler) with software enable

· Multiplexed Master Clear with pull-up/input pin

· Programmable code protection

· High-Endurance Flash/EEPROM cell:

– 100,000 write Flash endurance

– 1,000,000 write EEPROM endurance

– Flash/Data EEPROM retention: > 40 years

Low-Power Features:

· Standby Current:

– <100 nA @ 2.0V, typical

· Operating Current:

– 11 ìA @ 32 kHz, 2.0V, typical

– 220 ìA @ 4 MHz, 2.0V, typical

· Watchdog Timer Current:

– 1 ìA @ 2.0V, typical

Peripheral Features:

· Liquid Crystal Display module:

– Up to 60/96/168 pixel drive capability on 28/40/64-pin devices, respectively

– Four commons

· Up to 24/35/53 I/O pins and 1 input-only pin:

– High-current source/sink for direct LED drive

– Interrupt-on-change pin

– Individually programmable weak pull-ups

· In-Circuit Serial Programming™ (ICSP™) via two pins

· Analog comparator module with:

– Two analog comparators

– Programmable on-chip voltage reference (CVREF) module (% of VDD)

– Comparator inputs and outputs externally accessible

· A/D Converter:

– 10-bit resolution and up to 8 channels

· Timer0: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit

programmable prescaler

· Enhanced Timer1:

– 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler

– External Timer1 Gate (count enable)

– Option to use OSC1 and OSC2 as Timer1 oscillator if INTOSCIO or LP mode is selected

· Timer2: 8-bit timer/counter with 8-bit period register, prescaler and postscaler

· Addressable Universal Synchronous

Asynchronous Receiver Transmitter (AUSART)

· Up to 2 Capture, Compare, PWM modules:

– 16-bit Capture, max. resolution 12.5 ns

– 16-bit Compare, max. resolution 200 ns

– 10-bit PWM, max. frequency 20 kHz

· Synchronous Serial Port (SSP) with I2C™

Copy Chip AT89S8252 Flash content has to decapsulate the silicon package of AT89S8252 which act as the 1st layer of tamper resistent protection, unlock Microcontroller AT89S8252 also needs to modify its security fuse bit;

Features

· Compatible with MCS®51 Products

· 8K Bytes of In-System Reprogrammable Downloadable Flash Memory

– SPI Serial Interface for Program Downloading

– Endurance: 1,000 Write/Erase Cycles

2K Bytes EEPROM

– Endurance: 100,000 Write/Erase Cycles

4V to 6V Operating Range

Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 24 MHz

 

Three-level Program Memory Lock

256 x 8-bit Internal RAM

32 Programmable I/O Lines

Three 16-bit Timer/Counters

Nine Interrupt Sources

Programmable UART Serial Channel

SPI Serial Interface

Low-power Idle and Power-down Modes

Interrupt Recovery from Power-down

Programmable Watchdog Timer

Dual Data Pointer

Power-off Flag

Description

The AT89S8252 is a low-power, high-performance CMOS 8-bit microcontroller with 8K bytes of downloadable Flash programmable and erasable read-only memory and 2K bytes of EEPROM. The device is manufactured using Atmel’s high-density nonvolatile memory technology and is compatible with the industry-standard 80C51 instruction set and pinout.

The on-chip downloadable Flash allows the program memory to be reprogrammed In-System through an SPI serial interface or by a conventional nonvolatile memory programmer. By combining a versatile 8-bit CPU with downloadable Flash on a monolithic chip, the Atmel AT89S8252 is a powerful microcontroller, which provides a highly-flexible and cost-effective solution to many embedded control applications.

The AT89S8252 provides the following standard features: 8K bytes of downloadable Flash, 2K bytes of EEPROM, 256 bytes of RAM, 32 I/O lines, programmable watchdog timer, two data pointers, three 16-bit timer/counters, a six-vector two-level interrupt architecture, a full duplex serial port, on-chip oscillator, and clock circuitry.

In addition, the Copy Chip AT89S8252 is designed with static logic for operation down to zero frequency and supports two software selectable power saving modes. The Idle Mode stops the CPU while allowing the RAM, timer/counters, serial port, and interrupt system to continue functioning. The Power-down mode saves the RAM contents but freezes the oscillator, disabling all other chip functions until the next external interrupt or hardware reset.

The downloadable Flash can be changed a single byte at a time and is accessible through the SPI serial interface. Holding RESET active forces the SPI bus into a serial programming interface and allows the program memory to be written to or read from unless lock bits have been activated.